Bullough

Ceramics-Patricia Bullough __ Types of clay used in ceramics __ Kaolin Clay- The most pure kind of clay. Must be fired at a very high temperature, and is used in most smooth types of clay such as porcelain. Stoneware Clay- A very hard kind of clay, that also needs to be fired at a very high temperature. The color of clay can vary greatly, and is most commonly used in jugs and dinnerware. Earthware Clay- This is a very soft clay, that naturally has many impurities such as sand or tiny rocks which makes it a "gritty" clay. After being fired, the clay is typically gray or white in color.
 * Ceramics is a fun, hands on class that teaches you both the basics, as well as advanced techniques of making ceramic pieces of art. There are many different kinds of clay to choose from, depending on what look and feel you like. There are also multiple kinds of glaze to choose from, such as cone 10 (food safe glaze used on plates, cups, pitchers, etc.), cone 6(low fire, non food safe), and Raku(Japanese style, non food safe glaze that gives a beautiful "one of a kind" look by use of oxygen reduction), all with a wide variety of colors. If you are interested in taking ceramics, or would like to know more about the class and what it consists of, take a look at the disclosure below. ||

__Types of glazes used in ceramics__ Cone 06 or 04- Low fire glazes that are not food safe. Cone 4-6- Mid fire glazes. Cone 9 or 10- High fire glazes that are food safe. Raku- Unique looking glaze that gets its coloring from lack of oxygen, not food safe.

__ History of Ceramics __

Incandescent light bulb || Alumina spark plugs Glass windows for automobiles || Application of carbides and nitrides || History of ceramics-http://ceramics.org/learn-about-ceramics/history-of-ceramics
 * < Year ||< Development ||
 * 24,000 B.C. || Ceramic figurines used for ceremonial purposes ||
 * 14,000 B.C. || First tiles made in Mesopotamia and India ||
 * 9000-10,000 B.C. || Pottery making begins ||
 * 5000-8000 B.C. || Glazes discovered in Egypt ||
 * 1500 B.C. || Glass objects first made ||
 * 1550 A.D. || Synthetic refractories (temperature resistant) for furnaces used to make steel, glass, ceramics, cement ||
 * Mid 1800’s || Porcelain electrical insulation
 * 1920’s || High-strength quartz-enriched porcelain for insulators
 * 1940’s || Capacitors and magnetic ferrites ||
 * 1960’s || Alumina insulators for voltages over 220 kV
 * 1970’s || Introduction of high-performance cellular ceramic substrates for catalytic converters and particulate filters for diesel engines ||
 * 1980’s || High temperature superconductors ||


 * The Throwing method of ceramics is the most common way of making pots, cups, bowls, plates, etc. It is done on a "potters wheel", which is a rotating metal plate that allows you to sculpt your pot with ease, the speed of the wheel is controlled by a foot pedal. ||


 * > [[image:imagesCAT1MXRQ.jpg caption="Raku ware"]] ||


 * Raku is a Japanese style glaze, that is very unique both visually and how it is performed. The piece is fired in a kiln until it is glowing red, then put directly into water or left to air dry, giving the glaze an almost "crackley" look. ||




 * The Handbuilding method is an alternative to throwing a piece. Handbuilding is the oldest form of pottery, it is where the artist creates a pot/ceramic piece without the aid of a potters wheel. (Done only by hand) ||

__If you would like to see more about the history, methods or would simply like to learn more about ceramics, visit the websites below__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__